UK underestimates threat of cyber-attacks from hostile states and gangs, says security chief

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The UK is underestimating the severity of the online threat it faces from hostile states and criminal gangs, the country’s cybersecurity chief will warn,Richard Horne, the head of GCHQ’s National Cyber Security Centre, will cite a trebling of “severe” incidents amid Russian “aggression and recklessness” and China’s “highly sophisticated” digital operations,In his first major speech as the agency’s chief, Horne will say on Tuesday that hostile activity in UK cyberspace has increased in “frequency, sophistication and intensity” from enemies who want to cause maximum disruption and destruction,In a speech at the NCSC’s London HQ, Horne, who took on the role in October, will point to “the aggression and recklessness of cyber-activity we see coming from Russia” and how “China remains a highly sophisticated cyber-actor, with increasing ambition to project its influence beyond its borders”,“And yet, despite all this, we believe the severity of the risk facing the UK is being widely underestimated,” he will say.

One expert described the comments as a “klaxon” call to companies and public sector organisations to wake up to the scale of the cyber-threat facing the UK.Horne will make the warning as the NCSC reveals a significant increase in serious cyberincidents over the past 12 months.Its annual review shows that the agency had responded to 430 incidents requiring its support between 1 September 2023 and 31 August 2024, compared with 371 in the previous 12 months.It says that 12 of those attacks were at the “top end of the scale” and were “more severe in nature” – a trebling from the previous year.“There is no room for complacency about the severity of state-led threats or the volume of the threat posed by cybercriminals,” Horne will say.

“The defence and resilience of critical infrastructure, supply chains, the public sector and our wider economy must improve.”Last week the Cabinet Office minister, Pat McFadden, warned that Russia “can turn the lights off for millions of people” with a cyber-attack.The NCSC review does not reveal the split between state-executed attacks and incidents perpetrated by criminal gangs.However, it is understood that a significant amount of its time is spent supporting organisations responding to ransomware attacks, where criminal gangs paralyse their targets’ IT systems and extract confidential data.The gangs then demand a ransom payment in bitcoin to return the stolen data.

Recent ransomware attacks against high-profile UK targets include the British Library and Synnovis, which manages blood tests for NHS trusts and GP services.The NCSC says it received 317 reports of ransomware activity last year, of which 13 were “nationally significant”.“The attack against Synnovis showed us how dependent we are on technology for accessing our health services.And the attack against the British Library reminded us that we’re reliant on technology for our access to knowledge,” Horne will say.“What these and other incidents show is how entwined technology is with our lives and that cyber-attacks have human costs.

”Ransomware gangs typically originate from Russia or former Soviet Union countries and their presence appears to be tolerated within Russia, provided they do not attack Russian targets,However, one Russian cybercrime gang, Evil Corp, has carried out attacks against Nato countries at the behest of state intelligence services, according to the UK’s National Crime Agency,Horne adds: “What has struck me more forcefully than anything else since taking the helm at the NCSC is the clearly widening gap between the exposure and threat we face, and the defences that are in place to protect us,”“And what is equally clear to me is that we all need to increase the pace we are working at to keep ahead of our adversaries,” It is understood the “underestimated” warning is directed at public and private sector organisations in the UK.

The NCSC says the top sectors reporting ransomware activity this year were academia, manufacturing, IT, legal, charities and construction.The agency’s review says that the Russian regime, through its invasion of Ukraine, is inspiring non-state actors to carry out cyber-attacks against critical national infrastructure in the west.The review points to Chinese hackers such as the Volt Typhoon group, which has targeted US infrastructure and “could be laying the groundwork for future disruptive and destructive cyber-attacks” while in the UK Beijing-linked groups have targeted MPs’ emails and the Electoral Commission’s database.The report also warns that Iran “is developing its cyber-capabilities and is willing to target the UK to fulfil its disruptive and destructive objectives” while North Korean hackers were targeting cryptocurrency to raise revenue and attempting to steal defence data to improve Pyongyang’s internal security and military capabilities.The NCSC also believes that UK firms are almost certainly being targeted by workers from North Korea “disguised as freelance third-country IT staff to generate revenue for the DPRK regime”.

Alan Woodward, a professor of cybersecurity at Surrey University, said NCSC was warning the private and public sectors not to “take their eye off the ball”,“The government is trying to sound the klaxon,” he said,“The feeling is that not everybody is listening yet,”
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José Pizarro’s Christmas recipe for seafood fideuà

Bring a taste of the Spanish coast to your kitchen with this vibrant dish that captures the essence of Spanish cookery. Treat yourself to a glass of fino while the pasta soaks up the saffron-rich shellfish broth, smoked pimentón and juicy tomatoes, while the monkfish, squid, prawns and clams come together in one pan for a beautifully simple, rustic meal. This is definitely one to enjoy with friends and family.Prep 15 minCook 30 minServes 4-63 tbsp olive oil 1 large onion, peeled and finely sliced2 large tomatoes, halved, grated and skins discarded3 garlic cloves, peeled and finely sliced1 pinch saffron strands ½ tsp smoked pimentón 8 baby squid, cleaned, or 2 medium squid, cleaned and sliced300g monkfish tail, cut into chunks250g fideuà pasta, or broken vermicelli 500ml good shellfish stock Sea salt and black pepper 8 shell-on prawns 250g live clamsPut the oil in a large, shallow casserole or paella pan on a medium heat, add the onion and saute gently for five minutes, until softened. Add the tomatoes and garlic, cook for a minute more, then stir in the saffron and pimentón

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Rachel Roddy’s recipe for red cabbage, apple and chestnut pie with ricotta pastry | A kitchen in Rome

A smooth head of cabbage is much more useful, I think, than a bag of leaves as a quick salad option. With just a bit of shredding, salt and a few scrunches, a quarter of a cabbage becomes a voluminous and bright slaw. It is only slightly more work to pull out the box grater to add a coarsely grated carrot, apple or small amount of fresh horseradish to the shredded heap. Alternatively (and this is a suggestion from the wonderful Margaret Costa), chopped dried apricots, walnut halves and orange segments are extremely nice in a cabbage salad, maybe dressed with olive oil, red-wine vinegar, honey and lemon zest.The Macedonian-British writer Irina Janakievska, meanwhile, has introduced me to the pleasure of grated beetroot with a mass of salted cabbage

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Mulled cider recipe by Bert Blaize and Claire Strickett

Warming, Christmassy spices work so much better with sharp, mouth-smacking cider than with wine, and the result is less alcoholic, too – ideal for anyone pacing themselves over the long party season.Serves about 20lemons 2clementines 3cinnamon sticks 2 cloves 6 star anise 2 cardamom pods 2, lightly crushed with the flat of a large knifevanilla pods 2, split lengthwaysfresh ginger 50g, finely choppedgood, dry cider 4 litres dark brown sugar 500g, or less, to tastePeel the lemon in large strips, being careful to leave behind as much of the pith as possible. Peel the clementines, reserving the flesh. In a heavy-based frying pan over a very low heat, toast the lemon peel, clementine peel, cinnamon, cloves, star anise, cardamom, vanilla and ginger for about 10 minutes, constantly moving everything around in the pan so nothing can catch and burn. Once the aromas of the spices start to fill the air, tip into a bowl and set aside

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Marie Mitchell’s jerusalem artichoke fritters with clementine sauce recipe

For the season that often screams indulgence, I like to search out the light, and these fluffy fritters are a delight that even my toddler will devour. They pair perfectly with the citrus of the moment, but you can easily substitute for other orange varieties, and still get that delicious sweet tang.Serves 4 as starters, or 6-8 as canapésjerusalem artichokes 250g, scrubbed and gratedcarrot 1 medium, peeled and gratedbrown onion 1 small, thinly slicedcornmeal 30g plain flour 70g salt ½ tsp white pepper ¼ tspallspice ¼ tsp all-purpose seasoning ¼ tsp garlic 2 cloves, peeledeggs 2 sunflower oil for fryingseedless clementines 250g, peeled weightghee or unsalted butter 10g lemon juice 1 tsp ground ginger 1 tsp salt a pinch cornflour 1 tspPlace the grated jerusalem artichokes and carrot, and sliced onion in a mixing bowl.Add the cornmeal, flour, salt and spices, before grating in the garlic and mixing through with a spoon.Whisk your eggs and fold into your bowl with the artichoke mix

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Nigel Slater’s recipe for speck and parmesan muffins

If you don’t mind a bit of last-minute cooking, may I suggest you serve these warm? Light, cheesy, rosemary-scented little cakes, they are infinitely more delicious when served from the oven, like their sweet cousin, the madeleine.You could bake them an hour before you plan to eat, keeping them warm in the switched-off oven or, should the oven be busy, wrapped loosely in tin foil still in their baking tin. Ideally, though, they are meant as breakfast muffins, something to serve on Boxing Day morning.Makes 12plain flour 275gcaster sugar 1 tbspbaking powder 2 tspapple 1, medium-sizedeggs 3yoghurt 175mlspeck 200gparmesan 75g, finely gratedTo finishparmesan 1 tbsp, finely gratedrosemary leaves 1 tbsp, choppedpine nuts 2 tbspSet the oven at 180C fan/gas mark 6.Line 12 bun tins with paper muffin cases

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Parmesan biscuits recipe by Matt Christmas

We have been making these at Chez Bruce for many years. I think the recipe was originally based on one from the Baker & Spice deli in London – sadly no longer open. The biscuits are best started at least a day before needed as the soft dough needs to firm up in the fridge before slicing and baking.They’re delicious with champagne, dry sherry, or even an off-dry riesling.Makes about 30 biscuitsparmesan 175g, finely gratedunsalted butter 160g, softenedsalt ½ tspbaking powder ¾ tspsmoked paprika ½ tspcayenne ¼ tspfreshly ground black pepper a littleplain flour 200gegg 1, beatennigella, sesame and caraway seeds 60-70g (total weight)sea saltMix together the parmesan, butter, salt, baking powder, paprika, cayenne and black pepper